Old Prison & Lighthouse (Köhnə Həbsxana və Mayak)

Overview

Lankaran's Old Prison and Lighthouse, a captivating historical landmark situated in the Lankaran District of Azerbaijan, is a remarkable fusion of architectural and functional design. This unique complex, once serving as both a prison and a maritime beacon, offers visitors an intriguing glimpse into the region’s storied past.
Constructed in the early 19th century during the Russian Empire's rule, the Old Prison and Lighthouse began its journey around 1830. The aim was to bolster the imperial administration's grip over the strategically vital Caspian Sea coast. The architecture exemplifies a blend of Russian colonial and local styles, specifically designed to endure the area's harsh climate and potential military threats.
The prison portion of the complex features thick stone walls, ensuring it was nearly escape-proof. Small, heavily barred windows added an extra layer of security, while the cramped and dimly lit cells served to confine inmates under strict surveillance. Over the years, the prison housed a diverse range of inmates, from political prisoners to rebels and common criminals. Among its notable detainees was Javad Khan, a key figure in the resistance against Russian imperial expansion.
Adjacent to the prison stands the lighthouse, constructed to safely guide ships to shore amid the bustling maritime activity of the Caspian Sea. This cylindrical tower, rising approximately 20 meters, originally featured an oil lamp to illuminate the waters. The lighthouse keepers resided in a small adjoining building, tasked with maintaining the light around the clock, a crucial role for maritime safety.
The materials used in the construction were primarily sourced from the local area, with sturdy bricks and stones from nearby quarries. Builders combined the skills of local craftsmen with the expertise of Russian engineers experienced in fortress architecture, ensuring a robust structure capable of withstanding the elements.
Throughout its operational years, the Old Prison and Lighthouse played a vital role in maritime navigation and law enforcement in the region. The lighthouse was particularly indispensable during foggy or stormy weather, successfully preventing numerous shipwrecks along the treacherous rocky coastline.
By the mid-20th century, advancements in modern navigation and the establishment of new prison facilities rendered the Old Prison and Lighthouse obsolete. As time passed, the once-bustling complex fell into disrepair; however, its sturdy construction allowed it to remain largely intact.
In recent years, local authorities in the Lankaran District have recognized the historical significance of the Old Prison and Lighthouse. Restoration efforts have been initiated to preserve this cultural heritage site, inviting visitors to explore its rich history. Today, guests can tour the old prison cells and climb the lighthouse for breathtaking panoramic views of the Caspian Sea.
The Old Prison and Lighthouse stands as a poignant reminder of the past, encapsulating tales of hardship, resilience, and the transformative power of history. Its dual function as both a prison and a beacon provides a fascinating insight into the complex socio-political landscape of 19th-century Azerbaijan under Russian rule.